An yi allurar rigakafin Covid cikin hanzari, fiye da sauran alluran rigakafi, amma hakan baya nufin masu hatsari ne

Wani hoto da aka rarraba a Facebook fiye da sau 340,000 ya bayyana wasu “ƙwayoyin cuta guda 14” da kuma tsahon lokacin da aka ɗauka kafin ayi allurar rigakafin su bayan bayyanar cututtakan.

Hoton na ɗauke da take a cikin yaren Afrikaans kamar haka: “ Vir al die slim mense wat die vaccine vergelyk met oa polio vaccine.” Taken na nufin: “Zuwa ga duk masu wayon da suka kwatanta alluran rigakafin na da, kamar allurar rigakafi ta polio daga cikin wasu alluran. A cewar hoton, allurar rigakafi ta Covid-19 ta ɗauki tsahon watanni shida kafin a fitar da ita, yayin da allurar rigakafin polio ta ɗauki shekaru 40 kafin a fitar da ita. Allurar rigakafin cutar mura ta infiliwenza an ɗauki shekaru 12, wanda ƙanƙanin lokaci ne kamar Covid-19.

Mun duba lokutan da ke jikin hoton a shafin yanar gizo na tarihin alluran rigakafi, wanda ya ke ƙarƙashin kulawar Kwalejin likitoci ta Philadelphia, wadda ke da amincewar hukumar lafiya ta duniya (WHO).

Bayanin da ke jikin hoton akan sauran cututtuka da alluran rigakafinsu duk gaskiya ne, amma rubutun na nufin cewa allurar rigakafin Covid-19 na tattare da hatsari saboda hanzarin da akayi wajen fitar da ita. 

Duk da cewa mutane miliyan 12 sun karɓi allurar rigakafin a ƙasar Afrika ta Kudu, rashin amincewa da allurar da tsoron illar da zata iya haifarwa shi ya sa ake shakkar zuwa a karɓi allurar rigakafin.

Shin wannan tsoron ya tabbata?

An amince da rigakafin Covid-19 ta farko shekara guda bayan ɓullowar cutar

Mahukunta a ƙasar Sin sun fara kawo rahoton wanda ya fara kamuwa da cutar Covid-19 a ranar 31 ga watan Disemba 2019, sannan a watan Maris hukumar lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana cutar a matsayin annoba ga duk duniya.

Shekara guda dai-dai, a ranar 31 ga watan Disemba 2020, ba watanni shida ba kamar yadda hoton ya ce, aka fitar da allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ta farko wadda WHO ta amince ayi amfani da ita cikin gaggawa. Wannan itace allurar rigakafin da Pfizer da BioNTech suka fitar.

WHO ta amince da ayi amfani da alluran rigakafi guda shida a yanzu. Ta kwana-kwanan nan itace allurar rigakafi ta Sinovac wadda aka amince da ita a ranar 1 ga watan Juni 2021.

Rubutun yayi iƙirarin cewa hanzarin fitar da allurar rigakafin ya sa hukumar kula da abinci da magunguna ta Amurka, wato FDA ta ƙi amincewa da allurar rigakafin- “Dis waarom die FDA nie die vaccine kan goedkeur nie”. Rubutun na cewa babu wanda yasan tsahon lokacin da illar allurar rigakafin zata yi, sannan ya ce “dis waar die probleem lê”, ko “a nan matsalar ta ke”.

FDA hukuma ce dake da alhakin kula da ingancin magunguna a Amurka.

An wallafa hoton a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2021. Ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, FDA ta amince da allurar rigakafi ta Pfizer-BioNTech a Amurka. FDA ta amince da allurar rigakafi ta Moderna don amfanin gaggawa tun watan Disemba 2020, sannan allurar rigakafi ta Johnson & Johnson an amince da ita a watan Maris 2021.

Hukumomin gudanarwa na wasu ƙasashen, kamar hukumar kula da abubuwan da suka danganci kiwon lafiya ta Afrika ta Kudu, wato Sahpra sun auna sun kuma amince da alluran rigakafin a ƙasashen su.

Alluran rigakafi na Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson da kuma Oxford AstraZeneca duk sun samu amincewar Sahpra.

Africa Check ta tattara wasu bayanai  akan yadda ake amincewa da alluran rigakafi a Afrika ta Kudu, Najeriya da Kenya.

Me yasa aka yi gaggawar yin allurar rigakafin Covid-19?

Alluran rigakafi na baya, kamar allurar rigakafin polio, an ɗauki lokaci kafin a amince ƴan adam suyi amfani da su.

Wata takardar bayanai daga WHO tayi bayanin cewa ɗaya daga cikin dalilan shine, saboda matakan gwaji da amincewa da alluran rigakafi ana yin su a mataki-mataki.

 Amma saboda hanzarin da ake a samar da allurar rigakafin Covid-19 da kuma babban goyan bayan da aka samu ta hanyar kuɗaɗe da kuma a siyasance, yasa akayi wasu daga cikin waɗannan matakai a lokaci guda. Kamar misalin yin gwajin kiwon lafiyar alluran a lokaci guda.

Duk da haka, an bi matakai masu tsauri wajen amincewa da su, don haka  ya zamana anyi gwajin yadda ya kamata.

Me yasa wasu ƙwayoyin cutar basu da alluran rigakafi 

Wasu ƙwayoyin cutar da aka lissafa a hoton da aka rarraba a Facebook, kamar su HIV( cuta mai karya garkuwar jiki), ƙwayar cutar da ke haddasa cutar ƙanjamau, basu da alluran rigakafi har yanzu, duk da cewa sun bayyana kafin Covid-19. 

A wani bincike da Africa Check tayi a baya ta yi bayanin dalilin da yasa alluran rigakafi na HIV, mura da cutar sankara har yanzu ba’a fito da su ba. Dalilin ya haɗa da kasancewar wasu cututtukan ba hanya ɗaya ce ke haddasa su ba. A karanta rubutun a nan. 

Sabuwar na’urar ɗan aiken RNA ta sa anyi saurin samar da alluran rigakafin 

Wani dalilin da yasa aka yi allurar rigakafin cikin hanzari shine amfani da fasahar zamani ta : ɗan aiken RNA- ko alluran rigakafi na - mRNA. 

Wajen yin alluran rigakafi na da, ana saka ƙwayar cuta mai rauni ko mara rai a jiki don tasa garkuwar jiki ta fara aiki. Garkuwar jiki zata gano ƙwayar cutar da zarar ta shiga jikin mutum bayan anyi allurar. 

Amma alluran rigakafi na mRNA na koyawa ƙwayoyin halittar jiki samar da sindarin firotin da zai jawo samuwar garkuwar jiki. “Wannan samuwar garkuwar jikin, wadda zata samar da makaman kariya, itace take kare mu daga kamuwa da ainihin ƙwayar cutar idan ta shige mu,” a cewar cibiyar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka, CDC. 

“Yin alluran rigakafi na mRNA, ya fi sauri ne don ya wuce matakin mayar da ƙwayar cutar mara rai ko killace sindarin firotin,” a cewar WHO.

Amma yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye cewa duk da cewa aikin alluran rigakafin Covid na mRNA an yi shi cikin hanzari, anyi shekaru ana aikin bincike a akan alluran rigakafi na mRNA. An samu cewa fasahar na kiyaye kamuwa da cututtaka kamar cutar murar filu, Zika da raibis.

Anyi amfani da fasahar mRNA wajen yin allurar rigakafi ta Pfizer-Biotech.

Yaya batun sakamako mai illa da allurar rigakafin zata iya haddasawa?

An bi hanyoyin da ya dace don nazarin allurar rigakafin na lokaci mai tsaho, a cewar WHO. Wannan ya haɗa da bibiyar gwajin lafiyar waɗanda akayi gwajin allurar a kansu, nazari, da kuma bibiyar allurar rigakafin gaba ɗaya ko abun da ake kira pharmacovigilance.

A cewar CDC, zaiyi “matuƙar wuya”  a samu wata illa da zata dade daga alluran rigakafin bayan anyi allurar. 

Saboda duk wata illa na faruwa cikin makwanni shida da yin allurar, “FDA ta buƙaci da duk allurar rigakafin da aka amince da ita da ayi nazarin ta na tsahon watanni biyu bayan anyi ta a karon farko”.

“Miliyoyin jama’a sun karɓi allurar rigakfin Covid, kuma basu samu wata illa daga allurar ba,” cewar CDC.

Amma dai za’a cigaba da bibiyar rashin hatsarin da ke tattare da alluran rigakafin na Covid-19.